Seoul Gazette - South Korea sees record birth rate growth for Jan-May

The country has one of the world's longest life expectancies and lowest birth rates -- a combination that presents a looming demographic challenge.

Seoul has poured billions of dollars into efforts to encourage women to have more children and maintain population stability.

"The number of newborns for the January–May period stood at 106,048, a 6.9 percent increase, the highest growth rate since such data collection began in 1981," said Kang hyun-young from Statistics Korea.

The surge follows South Korea's first annual increase in the number of births in more than a decade, driven by a rise in marriages. In 2024, the number of newborns rose by 8,300, or 3.6 percent, to 238,300 from the previous year.

April in particular saw a spike, with year-on-year growth reaching 8.7 percent and the number of births totalling 20,717 that month.

The latest figure marks a sharp turnaround from early 2024, when the number of births for the January–May period dropped by 2.7 percent from the previous year.

The fertility rate, or the average number of babies a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, for May stood at 0.75.

The country needs a fertility rate of 2.1 children in order to maintain the country's population of 51 million.

At current rates, the population will nearly halve to 26.8 million by 2100, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington in Seattle.

- Marriage correlation -

The increase is attributable "to a rise in the number of women in their early 30s, leading to an overall increase in marriages", Kang told AFP.

"In South Korea, there is a strong correlation between marriage and childbirth, which has driven the increase in births during the first five months," she added.

In 2024, the country saw a 14.8 percent on-year increase in the number of marriages, with more than 220,000 couples tying the knot.

Many government benefits designed to support child-rearing do not cover parents who are not legally married.

Analysts say there are multiple reasons for the low birth rate, from high child-rearing costs and property prices to a notoriously competitive society that makes well-paid jobs difficult to secure.

The double burden for working mothers of managing the brunt of household chores and childcare while also maintaining their careers is another key factor, they say.

In a bid to reverse the trend, the South Korean government offers cash subsidies, babysitting services, and support for infertility treatment.

Neighbouring Japan is grappling with the same issue -- it has the world's second-oldest population after Monaco, and the country's relatively strict immigration rules mean it faces growing labour shortages.

J.Lim--SG